Cov tshuaj tsis zoo ntawm nylon thiab pU?

Kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nylon thiab pU

Nylon (PA) thiab polyurethane (PU) txawv hauv lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

Kua qaub thiab alkali Kuj:

Nylon: muaj luv luv-ua rau dilute acids thiab alkalis. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov accochloric (xws li muaj kev sib chwv hydrochloric acid) lossis alkalis, nws ua rau molecular charpadation, thiab o thiab offoloration degradation, thiab o thiab kev tshem tawm.

PU: Tiv thaiv kom qaug zog acids thiab alkalis (xws li acetic acid thiab ammonia). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis ruaj khov rau cov muaj zog acids (concentrated sulfuric acid thiab nitricly rhuav tshem nws cov qauv molrocular, ua rau kev txiav txim siab, tawg, thiab tsis ua haujlwm.

Organic kev daws teeb meem:

Nylon: muaj qee cov tsis kam rau dej cawv thiab esters (xws li ethanol thiab ethyl acetate). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kuab tshuaj polar heev (phenol thiab formic acid) cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen bonds, ua rau o tuaj lossis muaj kev sib cais.

PU: Feem ntau, nws cov kuab tshuaj kuj yog neeg pluag. Cov kuab tshuaj uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons (xyeem, xyab) thiab ketones (acetone, thiab ua rau lawv cov khoom siv.

Cov ntsev ua tsis kam:

Nylon: nws cov khoom pov thawj zoo tsis kam rau cov ntsev tsis sib thooj (xws li sodium chloride thiab calcium chloride). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav oxidize thiab electrochemically corrode nyob rau hauv high-kub, heev concentrated ntsev cov kev daws muaj muaj cov pa yaj.

PU: Nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov ntsev cov ntsiab ntawm cov kev sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov corrosive impurities (xws li hlau thiab tooj liab ions) yuav hnoos cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrawm nrawm nrawm cov laus thiab kev puas tsuaj.

Txhawm rau muab cov ntsiab lus sib txawv: Nylon yog qhov ruaj khov rau dilute acids thiab lub hauv paus thiab qee cov kuab tshuaj, tab sis yooj yim yaj thiab hydrolyzed los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj polarly. PU tau tsim nyog tsis kam rau cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab cov hauv paus heev, tab sis yog cov kuab tshuaj muaj zog, thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab feem ntau ua rau o thiab cuam tshuam. Ob qho tib si ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntsev cov tshuaj pleev, tab sis cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cawv uas tsis zoo yuav tsum tau coj los txiav txim siab.